What is how to find molecular formula?

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Finding the Molecular Formula

The molecular formula indicates the exact number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a compound. To determine it, you typically need the following:

1. <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Empirical%20Formula">Empirical Formula</a>: The empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

2. <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Molar%20Mass">Molar Mass</a> (Molecular Weight): The molar mass is the mass of one mole of the compound (g/mol). This is often determined experimentally.

Here's the general process:

Steps:

1. Determine the Empirical Formula: If you don't already know the empirical formula, you'll need to calculate it first. This usually involves using percentage composition data to find the mole ratio of each element in the compound.

2. Calculate the Empirical Formula Mass: Determine the molar mass of the empirical formula by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in the empirical formula.

3. Calculate the Multiplier (n): Divide the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula mass:

   • n = (Molar Mass of Compound) / (Empirical Formula Mass)

   • n should be a whole number (or very close to it). If it's not, you may need to re-examine your empirical formula calculations or molar mass data.

4. Determine the Molecular Formula: Multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula by the multiplier n.

   • Molecular Formula = (Empirical Formula)_n

Example:

Suppose a compound has an empirical formula of CH₂O and a molar mass of 180 g/mol.

1. Empirical Formula Mass of CH₂O: 12 (C) + 2(H) + 16 (O) = 30 g/mol

2. Calculate the Multiplier: n = 180 g/mol / 30 g/mol = 6

3. Molecular Formula: (CH₂O)₆ = C₆H₁₂O₆ (Glucose)